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Naoe, Takashi; Wakui, Takashi; Kinoshita, Hidetaka; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Teshigawara, Makoto; Haga, Katsuhiro
JAEA-Technology 2023-022, 81 Pages, 2024/01
JAEA-Technology-2023-022.pdf:9.87MB
In the liquid mercury target system for the pulsed spallation neutron source of Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), pressure waves that is generated by the high-energy proton beam injection simultaneously with the spallation reaction, resulting severe cavitation erosion damage on the interior surface of the mercury target vessel. Because the bubble of pressure wave-induced cavitation collapsing near the interior surface of the mercury target vessel with applying the large amplitude of localized impact on the surface. Since the wall thickness of the beam entrance portion of the target vessel is designed to be 3 mm to reduce thermal stress due to the internal heating, the erosion damage has the possibility to cause the vessel fatigue failure and mercury leakage originated from erosion pits during operation. To reduce the erosion damage by cavitation, a technique of gas microbubble injection into the mercury for pressure wave mitigation, and double-walled structure of the beam window of the target vessel has been applied. A specimen was cut from the beam window of the used mercury target vessel in order to investigate the effect of the damage mitigation technologies on the vessel, and to reflect the consideration of operation condition for the next target. We have observed cavitation damage on interior surface of the used mercury target vessel by cutting out the disk shape specimens. Damage morphology and depth of damaged surface were evaluated and correlation between the damage depth and operational condition was examined. The result showed that the erosion damage by cavitation is extremely reduced by injecting gas microbubbles and the damage not formed inside narrow channel of the double-walled structure for relatively high-power operated target vessels.
Pb and 
Bi in proton-induced reactions near 100 MeVIwamoto, Hiroki; Meigo, Shinichiro; Satoh, Daiki; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Ishi, Yoshihiro*; Uesugi, Tomonori*; Yashima, Hiroshi*; Nishio, Katsuhisa; Sugihara, Kenta*; 
elik, Y.*; et al.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 544, p.165107_1 - 165107_15, 2023/11
Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.02(Instruments & Instrumentation)The lack of double-differential cross-section (DDX) data for neutron production below the incident proton energy of 200 MeV hinders the validation of spallation models in technical applications, such as research and development of accelerator-driven systems (ADSs). The present study aims to obtain experimental DDX data for ADS spallation target materials in this energy region and identify issues related to the spallation models by comparing them with the analytical predictions. The DDXs for the (
) reactions of Pb and Bi in the 100-MeV region were measured over an angular range of 30
to 150 using the time-of-flight method. The measurements were conducted at Kyoto University utilizing the FFAG accelerator. The DDXs obtained were compared with calculation results from Monte Carlo-based spallation models and the evaluated nuclear data library, JENDL-5. Comparison between the measured DDX and analytical values based on the spallation models and evaluated nuclear data library indicated that, in general, the CEM03.03 model demonstrated the closest match to the experimental values. Additionally, the comparison highlighted several issues that need to be addressed in order to improve the reproducibility of the proton-induced neutron-production DDX in the 100 MeV region by these spallation models and evaluated nuclear data library.
Iwamoto, Hiroki; Nakano, Keita; Meigo, Shinichiro; Satoh, Daiki; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Sugihara, Kenta; Nishio, Katsuhisa; Ishi, Yoshihiro*; Uesugi, Tomonori*; Kuriyama, Yasutoshi*; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 60(4), p.435 - 449, 2023/04
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：68.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)Double-differential thick target neutron yields (TTNYs) for Fe, Pb, and Bi targets induced by 107-MeV protons were measured using the fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator at Kyoto University for research and development of accelerator-driven systems (ADSs) and fundamental ADS reactor physics research at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA). Note that TTNYs were obtained with the time-of-flight method using a neutron detector system comprising eight neutron detectors; each detector has a small NE213 liquid organic scintillator and photomultiplier tube. The TTNYs obtained were compared with calculation results using Monte Carlo-based spallation models (i.e., INCL4.6/GEM, Bertini/GEM, JQMD/GEM, and JQMD/SMM/GEM) and the evaluated high-energy nuclear data library, i.e., JENDL-4.0/HE, implemented in the particle and heavy iontransport code system (PHITS). All models, including JENDL-4.0/HE, failed to predict high-energy peaks at a detector angle of 5. Comparing the energy- and angle-integrated spallation neutron yields at energies of 
20 MeV estimated using the measured TTNYs and the PHITS indicated that INCL4.6/GEM would be suitable for the Monte Carlo transport simulation of ADS reactor physics experiments at the KUCA.
Iwamoto, Hiroki; Meigo, Shinichiro; Nakano, Keita; Yee-Rendon, B.; Katano, Ryota; Sugawara, Takanori; Nishihara, Kenji; Sasa, Toshinobu; Maekawa, Fujio
JAEA-Research 2021-012, 58 Pages, 2022/01
JAEA-Research-2021-012.pdf:7.23MB
A radiation shielding analysis was performed for the structure located above the spallation target of an accelerator-driven system (ADS), assuming one cycle of an 800 MW thermal and 30 MW beam power operation. In this analysis, the Monte Carlo particle transport code PHITS and the activation analysis code DCHAIN-PHITS were used. The structures to be analyzed are a beam duct above the target, a beam transport room located above the ADS reactor vessel, beam transport equipment, and the room ceiling. For each structure, the radiation doses and radioactivities during and after the operation were estimated. Furthermore, the shielding structure of the ceiling was determined. As a result, it was found that the radiation dose at the site boundary would be sufficiently lower than the legal limit by applying the determined shielding structure. Moreover, under the condition of this study, it was shown that the effective dose rate around the beam transport equipment positioned above the target after the operation exceeded 10 mSv/h, and that the maintenance and replacement of the equipment in the room would require remote handling.
Haga, Katsuhiro
Kasokuki, 18(4), p.210 - 216, 2022/01
The pulsed spallation neutron source driven by a high-power accelerator is one of the most powerful apparatus to provide high intensity and high quality neutrons with narrow pulse width for conducting cutting-edge researches in several domains of materials and life science. In this system, proton beams of several kW to MW order extracted from the high power accelerator is injected into a target, which is heavy metal, to generate vast amount of neutrons via the spallation reactions with the target nuclei, and slows down these neutrons to thermal to cold neutrons with a moderator and a reflector. Resultant neutron beams are then supplied to a suit of the state-of-the-art experimental devices. In this paper, mechanism to produce neutron beams and outline of the spallation neutron source, engineering design of a target system such as a mercury target, and technical topics to solve the pitting damage problem of the target vessel which is caused by the pressure wave of up to 40MPa at maximum generated in the mercury by the pulsed proton beam injection are reviewed by referring mainly to the mercury target system of the pulsed spallation neutron source at J-PARC.
Meigo, Shinichiro; Nakano, Keita; Okubo, Nariaki; Yuyama, Takahiro*; Ishii, Yasuyuki*
Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.296 - 301, 2021/10
no abstracts in English
Iwamoto, Hiroki; Meigo, Shinichiro
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 33, p.011046_1 - 011046_6, 2021/03
no abstracts in English
Meigo, Shinichiro; Oi, Motoki; Fujimori, Hiroshi*
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams (Internet), 23(6), p.062802_1 - 062802_24, 2020/06
Times Cited Count：3 Percentile：36.4(Physics, Nuclear)As hadron accelerators for such as the ADS and spallation neutron source achieve increasing beam power, damage to targets is becoming increasingly severe. To mitigate this damage, nonlinear beam optics based on octupole magnets is attractive. Nonlinear optics can decrease the beam-focusing hazard due to failure of the rastering magnet. As a side effect of nonlinear optics, the beam size is known to expand drastically compared with linear optics. Nonlinear effects have been studied via a simplified filament model that ignores beam-divergence spread at the octupole magnet. In this study, a new generalized model is proposed for application to an octupole magnet, regardless of the filament-model approximation. It is found that the transverse distribution obtained by beam tracking can be specified by the introduction of only two parameters, namely the normalized octupole strength of 
and the 
of the phase advance. To achieve the two antagonistic requirements of reduction of the beam-peak density and minimization of the beam loss, the transverse distribution is surveyed for a large range of beam position. It is found that a bell-shaped distribution with 
1 and 
3 can satisfy requirements. This result is applied to beam transport in the spallation neutron source at J-PARC. The calculation result given by the present model shows good agreement with the experimental data, and the peak current density is reduced by 50% compared with the linear-optics case.
Wakui, Takashi; Wakai, Eiichi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Naoe, Takashi; Hanano, Kohei; Haga, Katsuhiro; Takada, Hiroshi; Shimada, Tsubasa*; Kanomata, Kenichi*
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 28, p.081002_1 - 081002_6, 2020/02
A mercury target vessel of J-PRAC is designed with a triple-walled structure consisting of the mercury vessel and a double-walled water shroud with internal and external vessels. During the beam operation at 500 kW in 2015, small water leakages from a water shroud of the mercury target vessel occurred twice. Design, fabrication and inspection processes were improved based on the lessons learned from the target failures. The total length of welding lines at the front of the mercury target vessel decreases drastically to approximately 55% by adopting monolithic structure cut out from a block of stainless steel by the wire-electrical discharge machining. Thorough testing of welds by radiographic testing and ultrasonic testing was conducted. The fabrication of the mercury target vessel #8 was finished on September 2017 and the beam operation using it started. Stable beam operation at 500 kW has been achieved and it could experience the maximum beam power of 1 MW during a beam test.
Meigo, Shinichiro; Takei, Hayanori; Matsuda, Hiroki; Yuri, Yosuke*; Yuyama, Takahiro*
Proceedings of 16th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.515 - 519, 2019/07
no abstracts in English
Wakui, Takashi; Wakai, Eiichi; Naoe, Takashi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Haga, Katsuhiro; Takada, Hiroshi; Shintaku, Yohei*; Li, T.*; Kanomata, Kenichi*
Choompa Techno, 30(5), p.16 - 20, 2018/10
A mercury target vessel has been used for the spallation neutron source at J-PARC. It has a complicated multi-layered structure composed of a mercury target and a surrounding double-walled water shroud, which is assembled with thin plates (minimum thickness of 3 mm) by welding. Thus, welding inspection during the manufacturing process is important. We investigated the applicability of new ultrasonic inspections using specimens (thickness of 3 mm) with defects to improve the accuracy of welding inspection for the mercury target vessel. Immersion ultrasonic testing using a probe (frequency of 50 MHz) could detect a spherical defect with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The size was smaller than target value of 0.4 mm. The length of unwelded region estimated using the phased array ultrasonic testing corresponded with the actual length (0.8 - 1.5 mm).
Meigo, Shinichiro; Takei, Hayanori; Matsuda, Hiroki; Yuri, Yosuke*; Yuyama, Takahiro*
Proceedings of 15th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan (Internet), p.1035 - 1039, 2018/08
no abstracts in English
Meigo, Shinichiro
Proceedings of 61st ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams (HB 2018) (Internet), p.99 - 103, 2018/07
As the increase of beam power, beam instruments play an essential role in the Hadron accelerator facility. In J-PARC, the pitting erosion on the mercury target vessel for the spallation neutron source is one of a pivotal issue to operate with the high power of the beam operation. Since the erosion is proportional to the 4th power of the beam current density, the minimization of the peak current density is required. To achieve low current density, the beam-flattening system by nonlinear beam optics in J-PARC, by which the peak density was successfully reduced by 30% than the density with the conventional case optics. Since the ADS requires a very powerful accelerator with the beam power such as 30 MW, a robust beam profile monitor is required, especially for the observation of the beam status on the target continuously. A candidate material for the beam monitor was developed by using heavy-ion of Ar beam to give the damage efficiently.
Takada, Hiroshi
Kasokuki Handobukku, p.330 - 333, 2018/04
Spallation neutron source provides thermal and cold neutrons for materials researches. Those neutrons are obtained by slowing down the neutrons generated in a neutron production target by injecting high energy protons in surrounding reflector and moderators. This article introduces basic characteristics of the neutron production target at first, and then explains the characteristics of moderator, especially the design to generate high intensity and high quality neutron pulses with narrow width in the moderators used in the 1-MW spallation neutron source at J-PARC. Furthermore, the design procedure of the spallation neutron source is described.
Meigo, Shinichiro; Matsuda, Hiroki; Takei, Hayanori
Proceedings of 6th International Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC 2017) (Internet), p.373 - 376, 2018/03
no abstracts in English
Takada, Hiroshi
JAEA-Conf 2017-001, p.51 - 56, 2018/01
A pulsed spallation neutron source of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is aimed at promoting a variety of cutting-edge materials researches at state-of-the-art neutron instruments with neutrons generated by a 3-GeV proton beam with a power of 1-MW at a repetition rate of 25 Hz. In 2015, for the first time it received 1-MW equivalent proton beam pulse, and the beam power for user program was ramped up to 500 kW. The moderator system of the neutron source was optimized to use (1) 100% para-hydrogen for increasing pulse peak intensity with decreasing pulse tail, (2) cylindrical shape with 14 cm diam. 
12 cm long for providing high intensity neutrons to wide neutron extraction angles of 50.8 degrees, (3) neutron absorber made from Ag-In-Cd alloy to make pulse widths narrower and pulse tails lower. As a result, it gives highest intensity pulsed neutrons per incident proton in the world. Towards the goal to achieve the target operation at 1-MW for 5000 h in a year, efforts to mitigate cavitation damages at the target vessel front with injecting gas micro-bubbles into the mercury target are under way. Also, improvement of structural target vessel design is an urgent issue since there was failure twice at the water shroud of the mercury target due to the thermal stress during operating periods at 500 kW in 2015.
Naoe, Takashi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Wakui, Takashi; Haga, Katsuhiro; Teshigawara, Makoto; Kinoshita, Hidetaka; Takada, Hiroshi; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 468, p.313 - 320, 2016/01
Times Cited Count：11 Percentile：71.62(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Mercury target vessel in the JSNS, which is made of 316L SS, is damaged owing to the pressure wave-induced cavitation resulting from the proton beam bombardment. The cavitation damage decreases the structural integrity of the target vessel and is currently a dominant factor to decide the service life in compared with the radiation damage. Injecting microbubbles into mercury is one of the prospective techniques to mitigate the pressure waves and cavitation damage. In the JSNS, a microbubble generator with a gas circulation system was installed and has been operated since October 2012. The effects of microbubble injection into mercury on pressure wave mitigation were studied using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The result showed that the vibrational velocity of the target vessel is clearly reduced according to the increase of void fraction. An average peak vibrational velocity under 340 kW operation with the void fraction of 0.1% was reduced to 1/4 of that without injecting microbubbles.
Naoe, Takashi; Xiong, Z.; Futakawa, Masatoshi
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 468, p.331 - 338, 2016/01
Times Cited Count：18 Percentile：85.7(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Mercury enclosure vessel of the JSNS made of an austenitic stainless steel suffers radiation damage in the proton and neutron environment. In addition to the radiation damage, the vessel suffers the cyclic impact loading caused from the pressure waves. The JSNS target vessel suffers higher than 210
cyclic loading. Furthermore, strain rate of the beam window portion of the target vessel reaches to 50s
at the maximum, which is much higher than the conventional fatigues. Very high cycle fatigue strengths up to 10
cycles for solution annealed (SA) and 10% cold-worked 316L (CW) were investigated through the ultrasonic fatigue test. The result showed that the fatigue strengths of SA and CW tested in high-strain rate were higher than that of the conventional fatigue. On the other hand, the fatigue failure occurred regardless of material and temperature in the very high-cycle region (
cycles) at the stress amplitude of below the conventional fatigue limit.
Meigo, Shinichiro; Oi, Motoki; Ikezaki, Kiyomi*; Kawasaki, Tomoyuki; Kinoshita, Hidetaka; Akutsu, Atsushi*; Nishikawa, Masaaki*; Fukuda, Shimpei
Proceedings of 12th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators (AccApp '15), p.255 - 260, 2016/00
Harada, Masahide; Parker, J. D.*; Oikawa, Kenichi; Kai, Tetsuya; Shinohara, Takenao
JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 8, p.035002_1 - 035002_5, 2015/09
We found that Cadmium (Cd) was not only a suitable thermal neutron absorber as a poison material in a pulsed spallation neutron source, but also had a long life time with a small sacrifice in neutron intensities at an intense source. Therefore, we decided to use Cd as the poison material in the first moderator in JSNS/J-PARC. In the development stage of JSNS, canning of a Cd plate by an Al-alloy with the Cold Isostatic Pressing method failed and the Al-alloy cover of the Cd plate was broken. In order to correct the manufacturing process, we have to observe the inside of the sample to find the reason for failure. To investigation the inside of the canning Cd plate non-destructively, we applied the energy selective neutron imaging method. We measured the transmission of the canning Cd plate used by the micro-pixel chamber (
PIC) neutron detector at NOBORU (BL10) in JSNS. As a result, several vacancies could be found and the distribution of the amount of Cd could be also obtained.
